Year 10–11 · B1–B2 · Article Writing

Don't Write an Essay

How to meet the task — and be remembered for it
01 / What exactly is an article? ~ 4 min

In the ZKA, an article is a piece of writing for a named publication — a school magazine, a newspaper, a website. It has a real audience, a specific purpose (to inform, argue, or entertain), and a distinctive voice. It is not an essay.

The task will tell you: the topic, the publication, and sometimes the target reader. Read these carefully — they determine your register, tone, and content.

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Has a purpose
Inform, argue, persuade, entertain — or a mix. The task prompt tells you which.
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Has a real reader
A school magazine reader ≠ a broadsheet reader. Adjust accordingly.
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Has a voice
Articles sound like a person — not a textbook. Use direct address, rhetorical questions, opinions.
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Has a headline
Always include one. It's part of the task, and it signals competence to the examiner.
02 / Article vs Essay — quick quiz
The examiner wants to see formal academic language in a school magazine article.
Which of these is a correct article opening?
You do not need to include a headline. The examiner will assume the title.
03 / Anatomy of an article ~ 5 min

At B1 level, focus on clarity and coherence over complexity. Target length in the ZKA: approximately 200–250 words. Plan before you write — 2 minutes of planning saves 5 minutes of rewriting.

Hook
Opening that grabs attention Anecdote, statistic, question, bold claim. Never start with "In this article I will..."
~40 words
Context
Frame the issue What is the situation? Why does it matter? Orient the reader in 2–3 sentences.
~50 words
Point 1 + 2
Main argument / points Each paragraph = one main idea + evidence or example + brief comment. No lists.
~120 words
Counterpoint
Acknowledge the other side One sentence is enough. Shows critical thinking. Then refute or qualify it.
~30 words
Close
Memorable ending Return to the hook, end with a call to action, or leave the reader with a resonant question.
~40 words
04 / Common structural mistakes
❌ Writing an essay introduction instead of a hook
"There are many opinions about social media. Some people think it is good, while others disagree." — This is vague, impersonal, and instantly forgettable. Start with something that puts the reader inside a moment or a problem.
❌ Using bullet points or numbered lists
Lists are not articles. They suggest you can't develop ideas in full sentences. The examiner is assessing your ability to write coherent, flowing prose. Every point needs a sentence, a paragraph, a voice.
❌ Forgetting the publication context
If the task says "write for your school's English-language magazine," your tone should be accessible, direct, and slightly personal — not formal and distant. If it says "a broadsheet newspaper supplement," elevate your register. The publication is a constraint you must respect.
❌ A conclusion that just summarises
"In conclusion, I have shown that social media has advantages and disadvantages." You have wasted the last impression. End with something that resonates — a call to action, a provocative question, a return to the opening image.
05 / Register: reading the room ~ 4 min

Register is not just "formal or informal." It's the relationship between writer, reader, and purpose. In the ZKA task, look for three signals: the publication, the target audience, and the purpose. These three tell you everything.

School Magazine
Friendly, direct, personal. Use "you". Rhetorical questions work well. Light humour is fine.
Quality Newspaper
Measured, authoritative. Third person or controlled first person. Avoid slang. Opinions must be supported.
Online Platform / Blog
Punchy, engaging. Short paragraphs. Can be more conversational. Subheadings possible.
06 / Register sort — which publication fits?

Read each sentence. Choose the publication it best suits.

"Have you ever wondered whether the food on your plate has a political history?"
"The correlation between urban food deserts and socioeconomic marginalisation demands structural intervention."
"Five things you didn't know your school canteen could tell you about inequality."
07 / Phrase bank — ready to use ~ 4 min

These are templates, not scripts. Use them as scaffolding, then adapt them to your topic and voice. The examiner notices both fluency and authenticity.

Opening / Hook
Picture this: ... What if I told you that ...? It is 11 pm and [scenario]. According to [source], X in Y people ... We all know the feeling of ...
Developing a point
Consider, for instance, ... This is not simply a question of ... but of ... The evidence suggests that ... What is often overlooked is ... Take [example]: here we see ... The implications of this are significant.
Counterpoint
Of course, some would argue that ... It is true that ... However, ... Critics point out that ... Yet this misses ... Not everyone agrees. And yet ...
Counterpoint sentence model

Some people believe smartphones help students learn. However, in reality they often distract students from the lesson.

Pattern: acknowledge the other viewcounter with your own. One or two sentences is enough.

Conclusion / Close
The question is not whether ... but when. So next time you [action], ask yourself ... The choice, ultimately, is ours. Perhaps it is time we stopped [X] and started [Y]. The answer may surprise you — but only if you are willing to look.
08 / Headline craft

Your headline should do one of three things: intrigue, provoke, or promise. Aim for under 10 words. Avoid full stops. Use colons to separate a hook from a subtitle.

❌ Weak "The advantages and disadvantages of social media for young people"
✓ Better "Scroll, Compare, Despair: The Hidden Cost of the Like Button"
✓ Better "Is Your Phone Watching You — or the Other Way Round?"
09 / Before you hand it in ~ 3 min

Use this as your final 3-minute check after writing. Click each item when you've confirmed it. Aim for all ten.

Headline written — not the task title. Your own, specific headline.
Opening is a hook — not "In this article I will discuss..."
Register matches the publication — school mag, newspaper, or platform.
Each paragraph has one main idea — no lists, no bullet points.
At least one counterpoint acknowledged — and addressed.
Conclusion does not just summarise — ends with impact.
Reader addressed directly at least once — "you", rhetorical question, or direct appeal.
Word count within range — roughly 250–350 words.
No major grammar errors — especially tense consistency and article use.
Varied sentence length — mix of short punchy sentences and longer analytical ones.
Checked 0 / 10
10 / What examiners actually reward
Task fulfilment
Did you write an article? Does it address the prompt fully? Is the format correct?
Coherence & cohesion
Does it flow? Are ideas logically connected? Transitions matter.
Lexical range
Precise vocabulary, appropriate collocations, no repetition of simple words.
Grammatical accuracy
At B1: simple structures used accurately. Errors in basic tenses and articles penalised.
11 / A complete model article ~ 3 min

Read the article below carefully. Notice how each part of the structure appears in practice — the hook, the context, the two main points, the counterpoint, and the close. The word count is approximately 185 words.

Are Smartphones Ruining the Classroom?
DSP School Magazine · Opinion
Hook

You are sitting in class, trying to focus on the teacher — but around you, screens are lighting up everywhere. Messages, social media, games. Smartphones are now part of everyday school life, but are they helping students learn or making things worse?

Point 1

Many students argue that phones are useful learning tools. After all, they allow quick research, access to educational apps, and communication with classmates about homework.

Point 2

However, the reality in many classrooms is different. Notifications and social media constantly compete for students' attention. Even a quick glance at a message can break concentration and make it harder to return to the lesson.

Counterpoint

Of course, banning phones completely might not be the answer either. Used responsibly, they can still support learning.

Close

Perhaps the real question is not whether phones should exist in school, but whether we are ready to manage them responsibly.

Notice: the tone is personal but not informal. The counterpoint is brief — one sentence. The conclusion does not summarise; it reframes. The headline is a question that hooks immediately.

12 / 20-minute writing strategy ~ 2 min

Time management is part of the exam skill. Students who run out of time almost always spent too long on the opening paragraph. Use this plan as a mental framework — not a rigid rule, but a guide.

Time Task
2 min Read the task carefully. Identify the publication, audience, and purpose. Brainstorm 2–3 ideas.
2 min Write your headline and hook. These set the tone for everything that follows.
10 min Write the main paragraphs — context, point 1, point 2, counterpoint. One idea per paragraph.
3 min Write the conclusion. Do not summarise. End with resonance.
3 min Use the checklist. Fix grammar, check register, verify word count.

If you find yourself still writing the hook after 4 minutes, stop and move on. An imperfect opening with a complete article scores higher than a polished hook with no conclusion.

13 / Try it now ~ 10 min
ZKA Practice Task

Write an article for your school magazine on the following topic:

"Should students have homework every day?"
Word count
160–200 words
Time
10 minutes
Publication
School magazine
Reader
Students aged 14–16

Before you write, ask yourself three questions: Who am I writing for? What is my main argument? How will I open? Use the phrase bank and structure diagram from the previous pages if you need support.

14 / Quick self-assessment

After writing, use these three questions to evaluate your own article before showing it to your teacher.

Q1 Does your opening make someone want to keep reading — or does it explain what you are going to write about?
Q2 Did you acknowledge the other side of the argument — even briefly?
Q3 Does your conclusion end with something memorable, or does it just repeat what you already said?